![]() The package provided the cornerstone for the implementation of the internal energy market. It introduced several reforms, such as the separation of energy supply and generation from the operation of transmission networks (unbundling), requirements for independent regulators, a new European agency for the cooperation of different national energy regulators (ACER), European networks for transmission system operators for electricity and gas (ENTSO-E and ENTSO-G) and enhanced consumers’ rights in retail markets. The Third Energy Package was adopted in 2009, further liberalising the internal electricity and gas markets. Industrial and domestic consumers were now free to choose their own gas and electricity suppliers from a wider range of competitors. The Second Energy Package was adopted in 2003, with its directives to be transposed into national law by Member States by 2004, and some provisions entering into force in 2007. It consisted of a first liberalisation of the electricity and gas national markets based on the introduction of two new electricity and gas directives, to be transposed into Member States’ legal systems by 1998 and 2000 respectively. The First Energy Package was adopted between 19. Liberalisation of gas and electricity marketsĭuring the 1990s, when most national electricity and natural gas markets were still monopolies, the European Union and the Member States decided to open these markets gradually to competition. ![]() ![]() The objective is to ensure a functioning market with fair market access and a high level of consumer protection, as well as adequate levels of interconnection and generation capacity. In the energy sector, completion of the EU’s internal market requires: the removal of numerous obstacles and trade barriers the approximation of tax and pricing policies and measures in respect of norms and standards and environmental and safety regulations. Legal basisĪrticles 114 and 194 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting energy crisis, the structure of the EU energy market has been undergoing profound structural changes. In so doing, they strengthen and expand the rights of individual customers and energy communities, address energy poverty, clarify the roles and responsibilities of market participants and regulators and address the security of the supply of electricity, gas and oil, as well as the development of trans-European networks for transporting electricity and gas. These measures aim to build a more competitive, customer-centred, flexible and non-discriminatory EU electricity and gas market with market-based supply prices. In order to harmonise and liberalise the EU’s internal energy market, measures have been adopted since 1996 to address market access, transparency and regulation, consumer protection, supporting interconnection, and adequate levels of supply.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |